SimpleOpt.h

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#ifndef INCLUDED_SimpleOpt
#define INCLUDED_SimpleOpt

// Default the max arguments to a fixed value. If you want to be able to 
// handle any number of arguments, then predefine this to 0 and it will 
// use an internal dynamically allocated buffer instead.
#ifdef SO_MAX_ARGS
# define SO_STATICBUF   SO_MAX_ARGS
#else
# include <stdlib.h>    // malloc, free
# include <string.h>    // memcpy
# define SO_STATICBUF   50
#endif

typedef enum _ESOError
{
    SO_SUCCESS          =  0,   

    SO_OPT_INVALID      = -1,   

    SO_OPT_MULTIPLE     = -2,   

    SO_ARG_INVALID      = -3,   

    SO_ARG_INVALID_TYPE = -4,   

    SO_ARG_MISSING      = -5,   

    SO_ARG_INVALID_DATA = -6    
} ESOError;

enum _ESOFlags
{
    SO_O_EXACT       = 0x0001, 

    SO_O_NOSLASH     = 0x0002, 

    SO_O_SHORTARG    = 0x0004, 

    SO_O_CLUMP       = 0x0008, 

    SO_O_USEALL      = 0x0010, 

    SO_O_NOERR       = 0x0020, 

    SO_O_PEDANTIC    = 0x0040, 

    SO_O_ICASE_SHORT = 0x0100, 

    SO_O_ICASE_LONG  = 0x0200, 

    SO_O_ICASE_WORD  = 0x0400, 

    SO_O_ICASE       = 0x0700  
};

typedef enum _ESOArgType {
    SO_NONE,    

    SO_REQ_SEP, 

    SO_REQ_CMB, 

    SO_OPT, 

    SO_MULTI
} ESOArgType;

#define SO_END_OF_OPTIONS   { -1, NULL, SO_NONE }

#ifdef _DEBUG
# ifdef _MSC_VER
#  include <crtdbg.h>
#  define SO_ASSERT(b)  _ASSERTE(b)
# else
#  include <assert.h>
#  define SO_ASSERT(b)  assert(b)
# endif
#else
# define SO_ASSERT(b)   //!< assertion used to test input data
#endif

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//                              MAIN TEMPLATE CLASS
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

template<class SOCHAR>
class CSimpleOptTempl
{
public:
    struct SOption {
        int nId;        

        const SOCHAR * pszArg;

        ESOArgType nArgType;   
    };

    CSimpleOptTempl() 
        : m_rgShuffleBuf(NULL) 
    { 
        Init(0, NULL, NULL, 0); 
    }

    CSimpleOptTempl(
        int             argc, 
        SOCHAR *        argv[], 
        const SOption * a_rgOptions, 
        int             a_nFlags = 0
        ) 
        : m_rgShuffleBuf(NULL) 
    { 
        Init(argc, argv, a_rgOptions, a_nFlags); 
    }

#ifndef SO_MAX_ARGS

    ~CSimpleOptTempl() { if (m_rgShuffleBuf) free(m_rgShuffleBuf); }
#endif

    bool Init(
        int             a_argc, 
        SOCHAR *        a_argv[], 
        const SOption * a_rgOptions, 
        int             a_nFlags = 0
        );

    inline void SetOptions(const SOption * a_rgOptions) { 
        m_rgOptions = a_rgOptions; 
    }

    inline void SetFlags(int a_nFlags) { m_nFlags = a_nFlags; }

    inline bool HasFlag(int a_nFlag) const { 
        return (m_nFlags & a_nFlag) == a_nFlag; 
    }

    bool Next();

    void Stop();

    inline ESOError LastError() const  { return m_nLastError; }

    inline int OptionId() const { return m_nOptionId; }

    inline const SOCHAR * OptionText() const { return m_pszOptionText; }

    inline SOCHAR * OptionArg() const { return m_pszOptionArg; }

    SOCHAR ** MultiArg(int n);

    inline int FileCount() const { return m_argc - m_nLastArg; }

    inline SOCHAR * File(int n) const {
        SO_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < FileCount());
        return m_argv[m_nLastArg + n];
    }

    inline SOCHAR ** Files() const { return &m_argv[m_nLastArg]; }

private:
    CSimpleOptTempl(const CSimpleOptTempl &); // disabled
    CSimpleOptTempl & operator=(const CSimpleOptTempl &); // disabled

    SOCHAR PrepareArg(SOCHAR * a_pszString) const;
    bool NextClumped();
    void ShuffleArg(int a_nStartIdx, int a_nCount);
    int LookupOption(const SOCHAR * a_pszOption) const;
    int CalcMatch(const SOCHAR *a_pszSource, const SOCHAR *a_pszTest) const;

    // Find the '=' character within a string.
    inline SOCHAR * FindEquals(SOCHAR *s) const {
        while (*s && *s != (SOCHAR)'=') ++s;
        return *s ? s : NULL;
    }
    bool IsEqual(SOCHAR a_cLeft, SOCHAR a_cRight, int a_nArgType) const;

    inline void Copy(SOCHAR ** ppDst, SOCHAR ** ppSrc, int nCount) const {
#ifdef SO_MAX_ARGS
        // keep our promise of no CLIB usage
        while (nCount-- > 0) *ppDst++ = *ppSrc++;
#else
        memcpy(ppDst, ppSrc, nCount * sizeof(SOCHAR*));
#endif
    }

private:
    const SOption * m_rgOptions;     
    int             m_nFlags;        
    int             m_nOptionIdx;    
    int             m_nOptionId;     
    int             m_nNextOption;   
    int             m_nLastArg;      
    int             m_argc;          
    SOCHAR **       m_argv;          
    const SOCHAR *  m_pszOptionText; 
    SOCHAR *        m_pszOptionArg;  
    SOCHAR *        m_pszClump;      
    SOCHAR          m_szShort[3];    
    ESOError        m_nLastError;    
    SOCHAR **       m_rgShuffleBuf;  
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//                                  IMPLEMENTATION
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

template<class SOCHAR>
bool
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::Init(
    int             a_argc,
    SOCHAR *        a_argv[],
    const SOption * a_rgOptions,
    int             a_nFlags
    )
{
    m_argc           = a_argc;
    m_nLastArg       = a_argc;
    m_argv           = a_argv;
    m_rgOptions      = a_rgOptions;
    m_nLastError     = SO_SUCCESS;
    m_nOptionIdx     = 0;
    m_nOptionId      = -1;
    m_pszOptionText  = NULL;
    m_pszOptionArg   = NULL;
    m_nNextOption    = (a_nFlags & SO_O_USEALL) ? 0 : 1;
    m_szShort[0]     = (SOCHAR)'-';
    m_szShort[2]     = (SOCHAR)'\0';
    m_nFlags         = a_nFlags;
    m_pszClump       = NULL;

#ifdef SO_MAX_ARGS
    if (m_argc > SO_MAX_ARGS) {
        m_nLastError = SO_ARG_INVALID_DATA;
        m_nLastArg = 0;
        return false;
    }
#else
    if (m_rgShuffleBuf) {
        free(m_rgShuffleBuf);
    }
    if (m_argc > SO_STATICBUF) {
        m_rgShuffleBuf = (SOCHAR**) malloc(sizeof(SOCHAR*) * m_argc);
        if (!m_rgShuffleBuf) {
            return false;
        }
    }
#endif

    return true;
}

template<class SOCHAR>
bool
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::Next()
{
#ifdef SO_MAX_ARGS
    if (m_argc > SO_MAX_ARGS) {
        SO_ASSERT(!"Too many args! Check the return value of Init()!");
        return false;
    }
#endif

    // process a clumped option string if appropriate
    if (m_pszClump && *m_pszClump) {
        // silently discard invalid clumped option
        bool bIsValid = NextClumped();
        while (*m_pszClump && !bIsValid && HasFlag(SO_O_NOERR)) {
            bIsValid = NextClumped();
        }

        // return this option if valid or we are returning errors
        if (bIsValid || !HasFlag(SO_O_NOERR)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    SO_ASSERT(!m_pszClump || !*m_pszClump);
    m_pszClump = NULL;

    // init for the next option
    m_nOptionIdx    = m_nNextOption;
    m_nOptionId     = -1;
    m_pszOptionText = NULL;
    m_pszOptionArg  = NULL;
    m_nLastError    = SO_SUCCESS;

    // find the next option
    SOCHAR cFirst;
    int nTableIdx = -1;
    int nOptIdx = m_nOptionIdx;
    while (nTableIdx < 0 && nOptIdx < m_nLastArg) {
        SOCHAR * pszArg = m_argv[nOptIdx];
        m_pszOptionArg  = NULL;

        // find this option in the options table
        cFirst = PrepareArg(pszArg);
        if (pszArg[0] == (SOCHAR)'-') {
            // find any combined argument string and remove equals sign
            m_pszOptionArg = FindEquals(pszArg);
            if (m_pszOptionArg) {
                *m_pszOptionArg++ = (SOCHAR)'\0';
            }
        }
        nTableIdx = LookupOption(pszArg);

        // if we didn't find this option but if it is a short form
        // option then we try the alternative forms
        if (nTableIdx < 0
            && !m_pszOptionArg
            && pszArg[0] == (SOCHAR)'-'
            && pszArg[1]
            && pszArg[1] != (SOCHAR)'-'
            && pszArg[2])
        {
            // test for a short-form with argument if appropriate
            if (HasFlag(SO_O_SHORTARG)) {
                m_szShort[1] = pszArg[1];
                int nIdx = LookupOption(m_szShort);
                if (nIdx >= 0
                    && (m_rgOptions[nIdx].nArgType == SO_REQ_CMB
                        || m_rgOptions[nIdx].nArgType == SO_OPT))
                {
                    m_pszOptionArg = &pszArg[2];
                    pszArg         = m_szShort;
                    nTableIdx      = nIdx;
                }
            }

            // test for a clumped short-form option string and we didn't
            // match on the short-form argument above
            if (nTableIdx < 0 && HasFlag(SO_O_CLUMP))  {
                m_pszClump = &pszArg[1];
                ++m_nNextOption;
                if (nOptIdx > m_nOptionIdx) {
                    ShuffleArg(m_nOptionIdx, nOptIdx - m_nOptionIdx);
                }
                return Next();
            }
        }

        // The option wasn't found. If it starts with a switch character
        // and we are not suppressing errors for invalid options then it
        // is reported as an error, otherwise it is data.
        if (nTableIdx < 0) {
            if (!HasFlag(SO_O_NOERR) && pszArg[0] == (SOCHAR)'-') {
                m_pszOptionText = pszArg;
                break;
            }
            
            pszArg[0] = cFirst;
            ++nOptIdx;
            if (m_pszOptionArg) {
                *(--m_pszOptionArg) = (SOCHAR)'=';
            }
        }
    }

    // end of options
    if (nOptIdx >= m_nLastArg) {
        if (nOptIdx > m_nOptionIdx) {
            ShuffleArg(m_nOptionIdx, nOptIdx - m_nOptionIdx);
        }
        return false;
    }
    ++m_nNextOption;

    // get the option id
    ESOArgType nArgType = SO_NONE;
    if (nTableIdx < 0) {
        m_nLastError    = (ESOError) nTableIdx; // error code
    }
    else {
        m_nOptionId     = m_rgOptions[nTableIdx].nId;
        m_pszOptionText = m_rgOptions[nTableIdx].pszArg;

        // ensure that the arg type is valid
        nArgType = m_rgOptions[nTableIdx].nArgType;
        switch (nArgType) {
        case SO_NONE:
            if (m_pszOptionArg) {
                m_nLastError = SO_ARG_INVALID;
            }
            break;

        case SO_REQ_SEP:
            if (m_pszOptionArg) {
                // they wanted separate args, but we got a combined one, 
                // unless we are pedantic, just accept it.
                if (HasFlag(SO_O_PEDANTIC)) {
                    m_nLastError = SO_ARG_INVALID_TYPE;
                }
            }
            // more processing after we shuffle
            break;

        case SO_REQ_CMB:
            if (!m_pszOptionArg) {
                m_nLastError = SO_ARG_MISSING;
            }
            break;

        case SO_OPT:
            // nothing to do
            break;

        case SO_MULTI:
            // nothing to do. Caller must now check for valid arguments
            // using GetMultiArg()
            break;
        }
    }

    // shuffle the files out of the way
    if (nOptIdx > m_nOptionIdx) {
        ShuffleArg(m_nOptionIdx, nOptIdx - m_nOptionIdx);
    }

    // we need to return the separate arg if required, just re-use the
    // multi-arg code because it all does the same thing
    if (   nArgType == SO_REQ_SEP 
        && !m_pszOptionArg 
        && m_nLastError == SO_SUCCESS) 
    {
        SOCHAR ** ppArgs = MultiArg(1);
        if (ppArgs) {
            m_pszOptionArg = *ppArgs;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

template<class SOCHAR>
void
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::Stop()
{
    if (m_nNextOption < m_nLastArg) {
        ShuffleArg(m_nNextOption, m_nLastArg - m_nNextOption);
    }
}

template<class SOCHAR>
SOCHAR
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::PrepareArg(
    SOCHAR * a_pszString
    ) const
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    // On Windows we can accept the forward slash as a single character
    // option delimiter, but it cannot replace the '-' option used to
    // denote stdin. On Un*x paths may start with slash so it may not
    // be used to start an option.
    if (!HasFlag(SO_O_NOSLASH)
        && a_pszString[0] == (SOCHAR)'/'
        && a_pszString[1]
        && a_pszString[1] != (SOCHAR)'-')
    {
        a_pszString[0] = (SOCHAR)'-';
        return (SOCHAR)'/';
    }
#endif
    return a_pszString[0];
}

template<class SOCHAR>
bool
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::NextClumped()
{
    // prepare for the next clumped option
    m_szShort[1]    = *m_pszClump++;
    m_nOptionId     = -1;
    m_pszOptionText = NULL;
    m_pszOptionArg  = NULL;
    m_nLastError    = SO_SUCCESS;

    // lookup this option, ensure that we are using exact matching
    int nSavedFlags = m_nFlags;
    m_nFlags = SO_O_EXACT;
    int nTableIdx = LookupOption(m_szShort);
    m_nFlags = nSavedFlags;

    // unknown option
    if (nTableIdx < 0) {
        m_nLastError = (ESOError) nTableIdx; // error code
        return false;
    }

    // valid option
    m_pszOptionText = m_rgOptions[nTableIdx].pszArg;
    ESOArgType nArgType = m_rgOptions[nTableIdx].nArgType;
    if (nArgType == SO_NONE) {
        m_nOptionId = m_rgOptions[nTableIdx].nId;
        return true;
    }

    if (nArgType == SO_REQ_CMB && *m_pszClump) {
        m_nOptionId = m_rgOptions[nTableIdx].nId;
        m_pszOptionArg = m_pszClump;
        while (*m_pszClump) ++m_pszClump; // must point to an empty string
        return true;
    }

    // invalid option as it requires an argument
    m_nLastError = SO_ARG_MISSING;
    return true;
}

// Shuffle arguments to the end of the argv array.
//
// For example:
//      argv[] = { "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8" };
//
//  ShuffleArg(1, 1) = { "0", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "1" };
//  ShuffleArg(5, 2) = { "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "7", "8", "5", "6" };
//  ShuffleArg(2, 4) = { "0", "1", "6", "7", "8", "2", "3", "4", "5" };
template<class SOCHAR>
void
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::ShuffleArg(
    int a_nStartIdx,
    int a_nCount
    )
{
    SOCHAR * staticBuf[SO_STATICBUF];
    SOCHAR ** buf = m_rgShuffleBuf ? m_rgShuffleBuf : staticBuf;
    int nTail = m_argc - a_nStartIdx - a_nCount;

    // make a copy of the elements to be moved
    Copy(buf, m_argv + a_nStartIdx, a_nCount);

    // move the tail down
    Copy(m_argv + a_nStartIdx, m_argv + a_nStartIdx + a_nCount, nTail);

    // append the moved elements to the tail
    Copy(m_argv + a_nStartIdx + nTail, buf, a_nCount);

    // update the index of the last unshuffled arg
    m_nLastArg -= a_nCount;
}

// match on the long format strings. partial matches will be
// accepted only if that feature is enabled.
template<class SOCHAR>
int
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::LookupOption(
    const SOCHAR * a_pszOption
    ) const
{
    int nBestMatch = -1;    // index of best match so far
    int nBestMatchLen = 0;  // matching characters of best match
    int nLastMatchLen = 0;  // matching characters of last best match

    for (int n = 0; m_rgOptions[n].nId >= 0; ++n) {
        // the option table must use hyphens as the option character,
        // the slash character is converted to a hyphen for testing.
        SO_ASSERT(m_rgOptions[n].pszArg[0] != (SOCHAR)'/');

        int nMatchLen = CalcMatch(m_rgOptions[n].pszArg, a_pszOption);
        if (nMatchLen == -1) {
            return n;
        }
        if (nMatchLen > 0 && nMatchLen >= nBestMatchLen) {
            nLastMatchLen = nBestMatchLen;
            nBestMatchLen = nMatchLen;
            nBestMatch = n;
        }
    }

    // only partial matches or no match gets to here, ensure that we
    // don't return a partial match unless it is a clear winner
    if (HasFlag(SO_O_EXACT) || nBestMatch == -1) {
        return SO_OPT_INVALID;
    }
    return (nBestMatchLen > nLastMatchLen) ? nBestMatch : SO_OPT_MULTIPLE;
}

// calculate the number of characters that match (case-sensitive)
// 0 = no match, > 0 == number of characters, -1 == perfect match
template<class SOCHAR>
int
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::CalcMatch(
    const SOCHAR *  a_pszSource,
    const SOCHAR *  a_pszTest
    ) const
{
    if (!a_pszSource || !a_pszTest) {
        return 0;
    }

    // determine the argument type
    int nArgType = SO_O_ICASE_LONG;
    if (a_pszSource[0] != '-') {
        nArgType = SO_O_ICASE_WORD;
    }
    else if (a_pszSource[1] != '-' && !a_pszSource[2]) {
        nArgType = SO_O_ICASE_SHORT;
    }

    // match and skip leading hyphens
    while (*a_pszSource == (SOCHAR)'-' && *a_pszSource == *a_pszTest) {
        ++a_pszSource; 
        ++a_pszTest;
    }
    if (*a_pszSource == (SOCHAR)'-' || *a_pszTest == (SOCHAR)'-') {
        return 0;
    }

    // find matching number of characters in the strings
    int nLen = 0;
    while (*a_pszSource && IsEqual(*a_pszSource, *a_pszTest, nArgType)) {
        ++a_pszSource; 
        ++a_pszTest; 
        ++nLen;
    }

    // if we have exhausted the source...
    if (!*a_pszSource) {
        // and the test strings, then it's a perfect match
        if (!*a_pszTest) {
            return -1;
        }

        // otherwise the match failed as the test is longer than
        // the source. i.e. "--mant" will not match the option "--man".
        return 0;
    }

    // if we haven't exhausted the test string then it is not a match
    // i.e. "--mantle" will not best-fit match to "--mandate" at all.
    if (*a_pszTest) {
        return 0;
    }

    // partial match to the current length of the test string
    return nLen;
}

template<class SOCHAR>
bool
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::IsEqual(
    SOCHAR  a_cLeft,
    SOCHAR  a_cRight,
    int     a_nArgType
    ) const
{
    // if this matches then we are doing case-insensitive matching
    if (m_nFlags & a_nArgType) {
        if (a_cLeft  >= 'A' && a_cLeft  <= 'Z') a_cLeft  += 'a' - 'A';
        if (a_cRight >= 'A' && a_cRight <= 'Z') a_cRight += 'a' - 'A';
    }
    return a_cLeft == a_cRight;
}

// calculate the number of characters that match (case-sensitive)
// 0 = no match, > 0 == number of characters, -1 == perfect match
template<class SOCHAR>
SOCHAR **
CSimpleOptTempl<SOCHAR>::MultiArg(
    int a_nCount
    )
{
    // ensure we have enough arguments
    if (m_nNextOption + a_nCount > m_nLastArg) {
        m_nLastError = SO_ARG_MISSING;
        return NULL;
    }

    // our argument array
    SOCHAR ** rgpszArg = &m_argv[m_nNextOption];

    // Ensure that each of the following don't start with an switch character.
    // Only make this check if we are returning errors for unknown arguments.
    if (!HasFlag(SO_O_NOERR)) {
        for (int n = 0; n < a_nCount; ++n) {
            SOCHAR ch = PrepareArg(rgpszArg[n]);
            if (rgpszArg[n][0] == (SOCHAR)'-') {
                rgpszArg[n][0] = ch;
                m_nLastError = SO_ARG_INVALID_DATA;
                return NULL;
            }
            rgpszArg[n][0] = ch;
        }
    }

    // all good
    m_nNextOption += a_nCount;
    return rgpszArg;
}


// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//                                  TYPE DEFINITIONS
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

typedef CSimpleOptTempl<char>    CSimpleOptA; 

typedef CSimpleOptTempl<wchar_t> CSimpleOptW; 

#if defined(_UNICODE)

# define CSimpleOpt CSimpleOptW   
#else

# define CSimpleOpt CSimpleOptA   
#endif

#endif // INCLUDED_SimpleOpt